Against Love

LOVE

The dictionary defines love as a profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person. A feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection for another person. Sexual passion or desire for another person. All of these definitions of love represent that love is a beautiful caring emotion that will last a lifetime. In the essay, “Against Love” by Laura Kipnis, she says that love is a mysterious and controlling force that has power over our thoughts and demands our complete loyalty. She shows how love can be an ugly situation.
Kipnis makes a lot of major claims about love. The first major claim is that she begins to talk about “maturity” and “immaturity” in love. She says that immaturity in a relationship is a mate who has refused to settle down or once the mate has settled, looked for ways to escape the relationship. Then maturity would have to be staying faithful with your partner, but Kipnis finds it hard to believe that someone could truly stay faithful to their mate for a lifetime.
Another major claim by Kipnis, dates back to the 17th century where the innovation of happy love did not exist. Marriages back then were business arrangements between families; they had more to do about economy than about love. She states that some historians considered romance to be learned behavior through these romance. Kipner mentions that passion must not be allowed to die in a relationship. The fear that it brings upon us can shape us into conflicted beings. This is where Mutuality, comes into play, which means your partner has needs and you have to fully meet them. The one major requirement Mutuality needs is communication, because no one is a mind reader. You need to be able to communicate with your partner about what you find annoying about your mate and vise versa.
Once you have gotten pat mutuality, the next major clause by Kipler is advanced intimacy, which can be considered as “opening up” to another person. This involves letting our partner into our most innermost thoughts and expressing our feelings toward one another. This is an essential part for any relationship, that can leave you vulnerable but once you get past it brings you closer together with your partner.
Kipler talks about a list of reasons why love in impossible. Some of the reasons from the list involve mutuality and advanced intimacy. While some of the reasons contradict with each other. In all of the reasons, they all use the word “can’t” This list tells a number of ways you “can’t” do in a relationship say you can live in a wonderful partnership. This is how love is obtained.

Notes on Rhetoric

Arrangement

• Arrangement is the organization of a piece
• The writer wants to organize the text in the best possible way in order to achieve its purpose.

The Classical Model

Introduction

• The introduction or exordium(beginning a web) introduces the reader to the subject under discussion.
• Ethos will usually be established in the introduction by the writer.

Narration

• the narration(narratio) gives the reader information on the subject
• This is where the developmental paragraph begin or tells the subject is a problem that needs fixing.
• Narration also appeals to Pathos because the writer attempts to evoke an emotional response about the importance of the issue being discussed.

Confirmation

• this is usually the major part of the text that explains the proof needed to make the writers case.

Refutation

• refutation addresses the counterargument, it is a bridge between the writers proof and conclusion.
• If the opposing views are valued by the audience a writer will address them before the present their own argument.
• This appeals to logos.

Conclusion

• The conclusion ends the whole essay.
• The conclusion brings all the writers thoughts and ideas together and answers the question, so what?
• The last words and ideas of a text are usually the ones the audience will remember

Patterns of Development- another way to consider arrangement is according to purpose

Narration

• narration refers t tellin a story or recounting a series of events.
• narration is crafting a story that supports your thesis.
• often, writers use narration as a way to enter into their topics

Description

• Description is similar to narration because both include many specific deatails.
• Description emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of how something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels.
• By asking readers to see what you see and feel what you feel, you make it easy for them to emphasize with you.

Process Analysis

• Process analysis explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done.
• The key to successful process analysis is clarity: it's important to explain a subject clearly and logically

Exemplification

• Providing a series of examples turns a general idea into a concrete one,
• Aristotle taught that examples are a type of logical proof called induction

Comparison and Contrast

• Its a common pattern of development, juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences
• Writers use this concept to analyze information carefully, which often reveal insights into the information being analyzed

Classification and Division

• It's important for readers to be able to sort material or ideas into major divisions
• Writers and readers can make connections between things that may otherwise seem unrelated
• A writer's task is to develop his or her own categories

Definition

• Defining a term is the first step in a debate or disagreement
• In some cases defintion is a paragraph to clarify terms
• Inother cases the purpose of the essay is to establish a defintion

Cause and Effect

• Analyzing the causes that lead to a certain effect or, conversely, the effects that result from a cause is a powerful foundation for argument.

Pathos: I think a good example of Pathos in Chapter 11 would be, " And this is all the reply which I am to have the honor of expecting! I might, perhaps, wish to be informed why, with so little endeaver at civility, I am thus rejected. But it is of small importance." pg 170

For Logs it would be Darcy said," had I with greater policy concealed my stuggles, and flattered you into the belief of my being impelled by unqulified, unalloyed inclination; by reason, by reflection, by everything. But disguise of every shot is my abhorrence. Nor am I ashamed of the feeling I related. They were natural and just. Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself on the hope of relations whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?" pg. 171

For Ethos it would be when Mr. Darcy says, " I have no wish of denying that I did everthing in my power to seperate my friend from your sister, or that I rejoice at my success. Towards him I have been kinder than towards myself." pg. 170 This gives a good example of his character.

Ethos, Logos, and Pathos

There are three concepts in the art of Rhetoric that we must understand. These concepts are Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. The first one is Ethos, which means character. Ethos demonstrates that the speaker is trustworthy and uses the speakers reputation to get the audience interested in their speech.I think the Pope, especially Pope John Paul II would be a good example of Ethos. He uses his status as the head of the catholic church to get people's attention and he talks about what all humans want, which is world peace.
Logos is the next concept, and it means reason. With Logos you have to offer clear, rational ideas. Also you have to be ready for a counterargument because there will be people that won't agree with you. An example of Logos would be the current battle for the presidency between Obama and McCain. Both of them have clear precise arguments and are reay for a counterargument by their opponent.
Pathos is the last concept, and it means emotion. I would say speeches at the olympics would be a good example of Pathos because even though we can not understand the language they are speaking in. The audience pays close attention to get ready to show their emotion and their pride for their country.

Comparison between Fast food Nation & The Great Gatsby

There are some major similarities and differences between "The Great Gatsby" and "Fast food Nation. One obvious difference is "The Great Gatsby" being a fictional book and "Fast Food Nation being non-fictional. When you compare these books together you come to realize that these books explains the history of events to us. For example in "Fast Food Nation" it talks about the start of the Fast food Industry and how it grewfrom its shaky start to becoming a powerful indusry. In "The Great Gatsby" Nick Carry explains the history of Gatsby. From his legendary beginning to his swift end. Hence these books also explain the downfall of the character/industry.

art

art can be so deep and complex, but yet beautiful at the same time.